It's not about thinking with your eyes closed

"Most people who believe they are meditating are merely thinking with their eyes closed"
- Sam Harris

I would add that sitting on a cushion at a retreat for 60 hours a week is not necessarily meditation, although it very well could be.

It depends on what is going on internally.

I've heard examples of modern meditation teachers recommending that their students actively think and analyze on the cushion.  Maybe some analysis can be helpful from time to time, but I find this advice a little bit frightening.  I think for a lot of people this may be pointing a bit in the wrong direction, that it may be training people to actually strengthen and practice their attachment and prejudice towards thought, something that is already extremely well practiced and something that instead maybe needs to be un-done, un-learned.

It is possible for a person to be relatively unattached to their thinking, to merely observe the thoughts that arise, and that indeed can be a part of meditation practice, but this is not the same as the recommended active steering and analyzing and grasping, but rather a mindful witnessing of what is.

I believe that in part this direction has resulted from a seemingly well intended political correctness about thought in meditation, at least among the consensus meditation community.  Once upon a time, a few decades ago, no-thought was used prominently as a pointer, and it remains an excellent pointer if understood correctly.  The danger is apparently that some people assumed there should be an aversion to thought and so would resist thought.  The largely modern western groups reacted to this by pretty much abolishing talk of no-thought, kind of throwing the baby out with the bathwater in my opinion.  But grasping and resistance were never part of the practice.  Being mindfully aware and relaxed and open, and leaning in the direction of the non-conceptual, abandoning whatever grasping and resistance that can be abandoned, surrendering to the moment, that is the practice.

The practice is a letting go of what can be let go of, not of shunning or resisting thought.

In my experience, there is grasping with every thought, at least on the cushion.  On the cushion, everything is taken care of, there is nothing to do, nowhere to go, no one to be.  Thoughts in that situation, although natural at some level, reflect a degree of dissatisfaction with the present moment.  But the experience of thoughts subsiding, relaxing down to the level of a few proto-thoughts, is a sign that you are on the right track.  Although perhaps an advanced practice, one simply watches these arisings and lets go of them as soon as they are witnessed.

Part of the political correctness stems from the misunderstanding of the no-thought pointer.  But there are a couple of other pieces to the puzzle.  For example, there is a general recommendation to "investigate" experience, and Buddha himself clearly does a bit of thinking and analyzing.  My take would be sure, you can do some "investigation" in the sense of feeling into your experience, but in terms of serious mental analysis or psychotherapy, I would recommend doing it off the cushion.

I would recommend staying away from discursive analysis and instead maybe interpret "investigation" as a term for "feeling" your experience, feeling your feelings.  What does your experience really feel like?  What does that fear or that tension in the body really feel like?  What happens when you stop resisting that?  We're living in a world of people that are out of touch with their bodies and feelings, like brains on popsicle sticks.  We need to practice the non-verbal.  We need to practice just being.

Similarly, the western Buddhist experience has been substantially blended with psychology over the past few decades.  This may not be a bad thing.  Psychology can help relieve suffering.  But again, when I hear someone at a dharma talk saying that they plan to spend their next retreat "meditating" on their relationship with their partner, my heart falls a bit.  Who knows, maybe what that person needs is indeed a lot of psychological think time.  But I'm not sure I would call it meditation.  I do recommend psychological work, I think everyone is on a spectrum of neurosis, but again I would recommend that work be done primarily off the cushion.

Time on the cushion is precious time, it is an opportunity to practice being aware and letting go.  Indulging in stories is not that.  And as my guitar teacher put it, practice makes permanent.  You practice sloppy, your playing will be sloppy.  Guaranteed.  Practice being aware and letting go, abandon whatever you can.